Study Of Different Components Of Pond Eco-system

Study Of Different Components Of Pond Eco-system           

      Apparatus required :

       1. Hand lens  2. Collection Tube  3. Forecep   4. Meter scale  5.Collection Net

Theory : 

              Any community are where all the organism interaction with the physical environment to lead a definite tropic structure , bio-diversity and exchange of material cycle between living and non living components  within the system is known as ecological system or Eco-system . This may be naturally operated by natural conditions or artificially maintained by man . It has two main components namely :
1. Abiotic or non-living components such as water , dissolved mineral , oxygen ,  carbon dioxide and solar radiation as main source of energy.
2. Biotic  or living components which includes all the living plants , animals and their nutritional relationship.The biotic components are distinguished as :
 i. Producers: eg. green plants
 ii. Consumers: primary consumer and secondary consumers.
         a.Primary consumers: feeds on plants and phytoplanktons.
          b. Secondary consumers: feeds carnivorous animals.
  iii. Fertiary consumers : Consume secondary consumr
  iv. Decomposers : Micro-organism that help decomposition the pond ecosystem is a good example of complex fresh water ecological system   under the natural conditions.
  Having basic structure unit exhibiting a self-sufficient , self regulating abiotic and biotic components. Depending upon depth of water , types of vegetation and aquatic animals present can be classified into three zones such as littoral , limnetic zone and profunded. The littoral zone is shallow water region occupied by plant. the limnetic zone is the sufficient light zone below the shallow water occupied by small crustaceans , rotifus , insects and larvas. The profundal zone is deep water level with no effective light penetration and having snails , mussels, crabs etc as associated organisms. The small and large aquatic animals and different  varieties of aquatic plants not only live together but also create a physical - chemical environment of organic and inorganic compounds by interacting with water , light and head under sun energy.   

Procedure :-

                     The plant and animals populations growing in the margin of pond was picked by hand and was kept in polythene bags. The metallic iron hooked long strings was tied to drag submerged plants or macrophytes of deeper areas. Plants and microorganism along with many aquatic animals were collected in polythene bag usingnylon nets. They were brought in the laboratory and the collection items were identified. 

Observation :

On the basic of the trophic position the ecosystem , different organism under biotic  components ground along with their respective food are as :

      1. Procedures: 

           i Green plands

           ii. Submerged : Hydrilla , Valliseneria  , Charai.

           iii. Free floating : Pista , Azolla etc

           iv. Rooted floating : Trapa , sagittaria 

           v.Rooted amphibians: Ranunculus , cyperus etc

           vi. Phytop;anktons: Spirogyra , ulpthrix volvox etc.

      2. Consumers:

          i. Primary consumers: Euglena , mollusca , insects etc

          ii. Secondary consumers: Small fishes , insects , frogs , water bettlas etc.

          ii. Tertiary consumers: Bird , large fishes etc.

     3. Decomposers: Bacteria , fungi etc.

 Results:

 Therefore , biotic and abiotic components of pond Eco-system was studied and their names were noted according to their presence in the pond.